FPyq]mÀ¡v; Ncn{X]mXIfneqsS

ae_mÀ Iem] Ime¯v..........

1921  \S¶ ae-_mÀ Iem-]-¯n ae-¸pdw am¸n-f-am-cpsS t]mcm-«hpw tXtcm-«hpw {]kn-²-am-W-tÃm. B hn¹h ka-c-¯nsâ apJy I®n-bm-bn-cp¶p Jnem-^¯v {]Øm\w. ]qt¡m-«q-cn cq]o-Ir-X-amb Jnem-^¯v imJ-bn-eqsS bph-P\§fn-te¡pw a[y-h-b-kvI-cn-te¡pw hn¹-h-¯n-sâbpw cmPy kvt\l-¯n-sâbpw kzX{´ `mcX Nn´-I-fp-sSbpw Pzme-IÄ Bfn-¸-SÀ¶p. {_«o-jp-ImÀs¡-Xn-scbpw AhÀ¡v Hmjm\ ]mSn-bn-cp¶ P·n-¯--¼p-cm-¡³amÀ¡p-sa-Xnsc Jnem-^¯v {]Øm\w t]mcmSn. B Ime-L-«-¯n ]qt¡m-«qÀ Jnem-^-¯nsâ Hcp {][m\ Hfn tI{µ-am-bn-cp¶p sImfmbn F¶ {]tZiw. {_n«o-jp-Im-tcmSv bp²-¯n-\n-d-§p-t¼mÄ Ip«n-I-sfbpw `mcy, Ah-i-cmb amXm-]n-Xm-¡Ä XpS-§n-b-h-scbpw Cu Hfn kt¦-X-¯n-te-¡m-bn-cp¶p AhÀ amän \nÀ¯nbXv. hoSphoSm-´-c-§-fn Ibdn {_«ojv ]«m-f-¡mÀ \S-¯n-h¶ ]IÂsIm-Å-I-fn \n¶pw AhÀ A`bw tXSn-bXpw A¶v ImSv aqSn-bn-cp¶ Cu Ip¶n apI-fn-em-bn-cp-¶p. ae-_mÀ Iem] tijw {_n«o-jp-ImÀ Cu kt¦Xw Ah-cpsS bm{Xm-amÀK-am-¡p-Ibpw Ccn-¼p-gn \n¶pw ]qt¡m-«q-cn-te¡v t]mIp-hm-\pÅ Ffp¸amÀ¤-ambn Cu Ip¶n³ {]tZ-is¯ D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A¶v ]mS-§-fn Irjn-sN-bvXn-cp¶ IÀj-Isc e£yw sh¨psIm­v Cu Ip¶n\Sp-¯pÅ, A¶v tIm«-sb-¶-dn-b-s¸-«n-cn¶ Øe¯v \n¶pw shSn-bp-­-IÄ h³ i_vZt¯msS ]mS-§-fn h¶p ]Xn-¡p¶ H¨ tIÄ¡p-am-bn-cp-¶p F¶v A¨³ ]d-bp-¶Xv tI«n-cp-¶p-sh¶v sIm-fm-bn-bpsS Ingt¡ sNcp-hn-epÅ ho«nse Xma-k-¡m-c-\mb Ipªn-t]-c³ ]¦p-sh-¨-t¸m-gmWv A¶s¯ {_«o-jvIn-c-X-¯nsâ ImTn\yw t_m[y-s¸-«-Xv.

kzX-{´m-\-´cw kphn-[nXw

1950 Ifn-emWv Cu {]tZ-i-¯nsâ hgn-¯n-cnhv kw`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv. B Ime¯v sImfmbn F¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp¶ Cu {]tZiw \ne-¼qÀ tImhn-e-I-¯nsâ I¿n- F¯p-¶p. 18 I¼\n ]«m-f-¯nsâ ta[m-hn-bm-bn-cp¶ ]me-¡Â Icp-Wm-Ic tat\m³ Bbn-cp¶p A¶v \ne-¼qÀ tImhn-eI¯nsâ t\Xm-hv. At±-lhpw aI³ D®n tamt\m\pam Wv sImfm-bn-bn-epÅ 85 G¡À Øew t\m¡n \S-¯n-bn-cp-¶Xv. AhÀ G¸n-¡p¶ Imcy-Ø-·mÀ AhÀ¡p th­n CXp sNbvXp t]m¶p. hml\ KXm-KXtam tdmUp-I-tfm hy]-I-am-Im-Xn-cp¶ B Ime¯v Icp-Wm-I-c tamt\m³ taÂapdn 27 s]mSn-bm-«n h­n-bn-d§n CS-h-gn-bn-eqsS \S-¶-m-bn-cp¶p sImfm-bn-te¡v h¶n-cp-¶-Xv. A¶v Icp-Wm-Ic tamt\msâ Imcy-Ø·mcmbn IrjvW³ \mbÀ, Ae-hn-¡p-«n-¡m¡ F¶n-hcm-bn-cp¶p D­m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. sImfmbn-¡p-¶n\p XmsgbpÅ hS-¡p-apdn \nhm-kn-bmb Ipªp-t]-c³ B Ime¯p Xs¶ ChnsS Imcy-سamÀ¡p Iogn tPmen-sN-bvXn-cp-¶p. At±-l-¯n-eq-sS-bmWv \ap¡v Cu hI Imcy-§Ä \ap¡v e`n-¨-sX¶ kt´m-jhpw \ap-¡p-­v. Ipªp-t]-c³ A¶v Imcy-سamtcmsSm¸w \ne-¼qÀ tImhn-e-I-t¯¡v t]mIp-Ibpw AhnsS tPmen sN¿p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-¶p-hs{X. AtX Ipdn¨v At±lw ]d-bp-¶Xn-§-s\ ""A¶p Rm³ \ne-¼q-cn-te¡v t]mbn-cp¶p. A¶v F\n¡v Hcp Znhkw 25 ss]k-bm-bn-cp¶p e`n-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. At¸mÄ amk-¯n Ggc cq] e`n¡pw. ]n¶oSv AXv 50 ss]k-bpw amk-¯n 15 cq]-bp-ambn DbÀ¶p''. At±lw B Ime-L-«s¯ Ipdn¨v hmNm-e-ambn kwkm-cn-¡m³ CjvS-s¸-«p. AtX t]mse Xs¶ B Ime¯v tPmen sNbvXn-cp¶ cma³, tKm]m-e³ XpS-§-b-h-cp-saÃmw Cu kwc-`-t¯mSv At§-bäw XmÂ]cyw ImWn-¡p-Ibpw Hcp-]mSv Ncn-{X-§-fpsS hmXn-ep-IÄ Xpd¶v Xcp-Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-­v.

D®n tat\m³ ssIh-i¯n \n¶pw ]n¶oSv Cu {]tZiw taml\ tat\m-\n-tes¡¯n.. At±lw Ipd¨v Imew t\m¡n-\-S-¯n-b-Xn¶v tijw Be-¸p-g-bn \n¶pw h¶ cmtP{µ {]kmZv F¶ _m_ptN-«\v hn¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn\p tijw sImfm-bnsb kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw Hcp ImÀjnI kmaq-lnI hn¹-h-¯nsâ Ime-L-«-am-bn-cp-¶p. 1982 emWv _m_p-tN-«³ Cu Øew ssIh-i-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xv. AYhm \mapambn sh¨v t\m¡p-t¼mÄ 29 hÀj-§Ä¡p-ap-¼v. At±-l-amWv Cu Ip¶n³ apI-fn-te¡v kuI-cy-{]-Z-amb Hcp tdmUv \nÀan-¨-Xv. AXv amcymSv \n¶pw XpS§n BZy-Ime Imcy-س D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp¶ _w¥mhv htcbmbn-cp-¶p. _m_p-tN-«sâ hn¹h kvac-W-IÄ¡n-S-bn Xs¶ \ap¡v Cu _w¥m-hn-t\bpw kv]Àin-t¡-­-Xp-­v, ImcWw ta ]dª \ne-¼qÀ tImhn-e-Is¯ Icp-Wm-Ic tat\msâ Ime¯p Xs¶ ChnsS Cu _w¥mhv D­m-¡n-«p-­-¶mWv Adn-bm³ Ign-ª-Xv. A¶v taÂapdn, ]qt¡m-«qÀ, amcymSv. Ccp-¼pgn {]tZ-i-§-fn apgp-h\pw ]pÃp-sIm­v taª hoSm-bn-cp-¶p. Cu ]pÃp-Ifpw sImfmbn Ip¶n \n¶v Xs¶ apdn-s¨-Sp¯v D]-tbm-Kn-¨-Xm-bn-cp¶p sh¶Xv asämcp Ncn{X km£y-am-Wv. am{X-aà A¶v Cu Ip¶n³ apI-fn-ep-­m-bn-cp¶ ]\-¼p-Ãp-IÄ tiJ-cn¨p sIm­vt]m-Im³ hnZq-c-§-fn \n¶p hsc Bfp-IÄ h¶n-cp-¶p-h-s{X. A§s\ ]pÃp taª hoSp-IÄ am{X-ap-Å-Im-e¯v Cu _w¥mhv am{Xw B t]cns\ A¶yÀ°-am-¡p-hn[w a®n\p ]Icw CjvSn-Ibpw ]pÃn\v ]Icw HmSpw D]-tbm-Kn¨p \nÀan-¡-s¸-«p. CXn-\m-h-iy-amb km[-\-§Ä hnZq-c¯v \n¶pw Nc¡v h­n-bn sIm­v h¶v taÂapdn s]mSn-bm-«n Cd-¡nb tijw Bfp-IÄ Npa-en-teän Cu Ip¶n³ apI-fn-te¡v F¯n-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶phs{X. CÃm-bn-a-bn \n¶pw Hcp ]pXpNcn{-Xs¯ sI«n ]Sp-¡p-¶-Xn- ]¦m-fn-I-fm-b-h-cmWv Cu {]tZ-i-¯nsâ AbÂ]-¡-Im-cn ]ecpw.

Cu _w¥m-hn-te¡v amcymSv \n¶pw tdmUv\nÀamWw Bcw-`n-¨-t¸mÄ A¶v BZy-ambn Cu \m«n³ ]pd-t¯¡v h¶ sP. kn. _n. sb ImWm³ \m\m Zn¡p-I-fn \n¶pw Bfp-IÄ h¶n-cp¶phs{X. ""R§fpw A¶v Znh-k-§-tfmfw B hml-\-¯nsâ Akm-[m-c-W-amb {]hÀ¯\w t\m¡nam{Xw \n¶n-cp-¶p'' Ipªp t]c³ AXpw ]¦vsh¨p. Ipªp-t]-c-\n \n¶pw aäp Hcp-]mSv {]mbw sN¶-h-cn \n¶pw e`n¨ hnh-c-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯n B tdmUv ]Wn-I-gn-ª-tXmsSbmWv Cu {]tZ-i¯v ImÀjnI hn¹-h-¯n\v Xncn sImfp-¯n-b-Xv. `qan Inf¨p icns¸Sp-¯m-\pÅ {SnÃ-dp-Ifpw aäpw F¯p-Ibpw Cu Ip¶n³ apI-fn ]¨-¸nsâ ]pXpN-cnXw Db-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. B {SnÃ-dn\p ]n¶n \S¶ Imc-W-¯mep­mb Imep-th-Z\ Ct¸mgpw amdn-bn-«n-söv Ipªp-t]-c³ k¦-S-s¸«v ]d-ªXpw ChnsS Ipdn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. A¶v Cu {]tZ-i¯v tamUw s\Ãm-bn-cp¶p hym]-I-ambn Irjn sNbvXn-cp-¶-Xv. AXn\v {]tXyI Pe-tk-P-\-¯nsâ BhniyanÃm-bn-cp-¶p-h-s{X. Nn§w amk-¯n-em-bn-cp¶p B s\Ãv sImbvX-Sp-¯n-cp-¶-Xv. tijw AXv temdn-bn Ibän hnZq-c-§-fn-te¡v sIm­vt]m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-¶p-h-s{X. tamUw s\Ãn\p ]pdsa FÅv, shÅcn, a«n, PmXn-¡,-I¸, a[p-c-¡n-g§v, ]¨-¡-dn-IÄ XpS-§n-bhsbÃmw Irjn sNbvXn-cp-¶p-sh¶v \m«p-ImÀ kt´m-j-t¯msS HmÀ¡p-¶p.

Cu Hcp ImÀjnI apt¶-ä-¯n-eq-sS-bmWv A¶v CXn-t\mSv tNÀ¶v InS-¡p¶ \mSp-I-fnse IpSpw_§Ä apgp-h³ A¶w I­-¯n-bn-cp-¶-Xv. A¶v 100 Hmfw \m«p-Im-cmb ]pcp-j³amcpw 25 Hmfw kv{XoIfpw ChnsS Irjn-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v tPmen sNbvXn-cp¶phs{X. sImfm-bnbpsS Ncn{XtiJ-c-ambn Cd-§n-¯n-cn-¨-t¸mÄ R§Ä I­v ap«nb Ct¸mÄ 50 hbtÊm AXn\p apI-fntem DÅ kao] {]tZ-in-§-fmb apgp-h³ Bfp-Ifpw B Hcp ImÀjnI apt¶-ä-¯n-eqsS sXmgn Xc-s¸-«-h-cm-bn-cp-¶p. AYhm A¶v Cu \mSn-sâbpw ]cn-kc \mSnsâ \mSn-an-Un-¸p-Isf \nb-{´n-¨n-cp-¶Xv sImfmbn F¶ Cu A\p-{K-loX {]tZ-i-am-bn-cp¶p.

H¶n\p ]pdsI asäm¶v F¶-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv sImfm-bn-bpsS kvac-W-IÄ IS¶v hcp-¶-Xv. ImÀjnI hn¹hw ]d-ª-t¸mÄ \mw AXnsâ ss]Xr-Is¯ ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯m³ ad¶p t]mbn. Cu Ip¶n³ apI-fn Hcp-]mSv Ncn-{X-ti-jn-¸p-IÄ C¶pw ImWm³ Ignbpw. Hm«p-I-Ãv, \cn-aS XpS-§n-bh AXn s]«-XmWv CXn Hm«p-IÃv ChnsS sIm­v h¶v sh¨-Xm-sW¶pw ]n¶oSv AXv a®n Dd¨v t]mb-Xm-sW¶pw ]d-b-s¸Sp¶p. AXvt]mse Xs¶ Cu {]tZ-i-t¯mSv tNÀ¶v InS-¡p¶ Hcp Ncn{X tijn-¸mWv B\-¡-Ãv. AYhm A¶p-­m-bn-cp¶ \¼q-Xn-amÀ¡v Hcp B\ h¶v iey-ap-­m-¡n-t¸mÄ \¼q-Xn-am-cpsS im]-taä B\ IÃmbn amdn-bs{X. Cs¶mcp anÉnw sNdp-¸-¡m-csâ Øe-¯mWv Cu IÃv. CXp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v asämcp sFXnlyw IqSn-bp-­v. Cu IÃn-\-S¯v \n¶pw Hcp Ip«n- I-c-bp¶ i_vZw ]e-t¸mgpw tIÄ¡m-dp-­m-bn-cp-¶p-h-s{X. A§s\ HcmÄ CXv I­-¯m³ th­n sN¶-t¸mÄ Hcp _nw_w In«n-sb¶pw, B _nw_-am-bn-cp¶p Ic-ªn-cp-¶-sX-¶p-apÅ sFXnlyw Hcp ]mSv apt¶-ä-§-fpsS HmÀa-¡p-dn-¸p-Ifpw Ncn{X tijn-¸p-Ifpw _m¡n-bm-¡nb Cu {]tZiw Iqªm-en-¡p-«n-bpsS tPyjvS-\mb ssl{Zp lmPn-bpsS I¿n-se-¯n. At±-l-amWv _w¥m-hn \n¶pw lcn-P³ tImf\n hsc-bpÅ tdmUv \nÀan-¨-Xv. A§s\ Hcp]mSv ssIam-ä-§fpw NÀ¨m-h-«-§-fp-saÃmw \S¶ tijw C¶o {]tZiw ]p¯-\-¯m-Wn-¡m-cmb Nne hyàn-I-fpsS I¿n-emWpÅXv.

Ben-¸-d-¼mWv Cu Ip¶n³ apI-fn-embn Xs¶ sImfm-bn-tbmSv tNÀ¶v InS-¡p¶ asämcp {]tZiw. B Øew ]qÀÆ-Im-e¯v s]mSn-bm-«p-a-T-¯nse tNc-ta-t\msâ ssIh-i-am-bn-cp¶p. AXp ]n¶oSv ]e-cn-eqsSbpw ssIamdn _m¸p lmPn-bpsS ]nXm-hmb Ipª½plm-Pn-bn-te-s¡-¯n. AtX kabw sImfm-bn-tbmSv tNÀ¶pÅ Cu {]tZ-i¯pw ap³]d-ªXv t]msebpÅ ImÀjnI apt¶-ä-§fpw {]tX-In¨v Iip-am§ Irjnbpw \S-¶n-cp¶p. CXnse X¡p ]Sn-ªmdp aqe-bn-epÅ Ccp-¼pgn Aknsâ Øe¯v Ipªp-t]-c³ Irjn \S-¯n-bn-cp¶phs{X. Ipª-½p-lm-Pn-bn \n¶pw hnXykvX 18 Hml-cn-I-fmbn amdnb Cu {]tZiw ]n¶oSv ae-¸pdw PnÃ-bnse hnZym-`ymk apt¶-ä-¯nsâ hn¹-h-ap-bÀ¯nb aA-vZn³ {]Øm-\-¯nsâ ssIh-i-sa-¯p-¶-Xv. BZy-Im-e¯v _ocm³ Huen-bbpw aäpw C_m-Z-¯n\v th­n h¶n-cp¶psh¶v ]d-b-s¸-Sp¶ Cu [\y `qan-bn C¶v hnÚm-\-¯nsâ \Zn-IÄ Hgn-Ip-I-bm-Wv. hm§nb ka-b¯v XpÑw hne-bp-­m-bn-cp¶ ChnsS C¶v skân\p Xs¶ e£-§Ä hne-bmbn amdn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

aA-vZn³ F¶ Imcp-Wy-tk-h\ {]Øm-\-¯nsâ AP-¿-am-b- ap-t¶-ä-¯nsâ apJ-ap-{Z-bmbn aÀ½ {][m\ tI{µ-ambn C¶o {]tZiw amdn-¡gn-ªp. hSt¡ Ben-¸-d-¼n-emWv aA-vZnsâ Iq-Sp-X Øm]-\-§fpw ØnXn-sN-¿p-¶-Xv. ap³I-gnª Ncn-{X-kXy-§-fn \n¶v {]tNm-Z\w DÄsIm­v ap³ ]dª hn¹-h-¯nsâ Xncn-\mfw Gsä-Sp¯v C¶o {]tZiw ]pXp-]p-¯³ sshÚm-\nI hnkvt^mS\w XoÀ¡p-IbmWv. apÉow-Ifpw CXc aX-Ø-cp-saÃmw Hcp-an-¨n-cp¶v hnZy-\p-I-cp-Ibpw \pIÀ¶v sImSp-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ lrZb lrZy-amb ImgvN- C¶nsâ \b-\-§sf Ipfn-c-Wn-bn-¸n-¡p-¶p. aAvZn³ sslkvIqÄ,-l-bÀ sk¡â-dn kvIqÄ, C³U-kv{Sn-b ss{S\nwKv skâÀ, BÀSvkv Bâv kb³kv tImtf-Pv, t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-Iv, A\m-Ym-e-bw, t_mÀUnwKv a{Zk, ZAvh tImtf-Pv, sk¡âdn ,l-bÀsk¡âdn a{Z-kIÄ, Pem-ep-±o³ _qJmcn akvPnZv XpS§n Cu hnZy-bpsS D²ym\w [\y-am-Wv. Bßob temI-¯nsâ Bßob Aa-c-¡m-c³ temI apÉnw thZn-I-fnse \nd km¶n²yw hnIe Nn´m-K-Xn-¡m-cpsS t]Sn kz]v\w hnÚm-\-¯nsâ \nd-IpSw kvt\l hn\-b-¯nsâ ]mc-ayX ]q­ k¿nZv C_vdm-lo-ap Jeo _qJm-cn-bpsS AP-¿-amb Bßob t\XrXzw C¶v FPyq-]mÀ¡v F¶dnb-s¸-Sp¶ Cu hntZymZym\s¯ [\y-am-¡p-¶p. \msf-bpsS kaq-ls¯ \bn-¡p-¶Xv Cu DZym-\-¯n \n¶pw tX³ tiJ-cn¨v t]mIp¶ hnÚm\ ap¯p-I-fmb ie-`-§-fm-bn-cn-¡pw. XoÀ¨......